Contributors vii
Preface ix 
Introduction by John Thomas xiii

1
Heuristics for Designing Enjoyable User Interfaces:
Lessons from Computer Games
THOMAS W. MALONE 1 

2
Learning to Use a Word Processor:
By Doing, By Thinking, and By Knowing
JOHN M. CARROLL AND ROBERT L. MACK  13

3
Formal Grammar as a Tool for Analyzing Ease of Use:
Some Fundamental Concepts
PHYLLIS REISNER  53

4
Stochastic Modeling of Individual Resource Consumption
during the Programming Phase of Software Development
DANIEL G. McNICHOLL AND KENNETH MAGEL  79

5
An Empirical Investigation of the Tacit Plan
Knowledge in Programming
KATE EHRLICH AND ELLIOT SOLOWAY  113

6
An Empirical Evaluation of Software
Documentation Formats
SYLVIA B. SHEPPARD, JOHN W. BAILEY, AND ELIZABETH KRUESI BAILEY  135

7
A Multilevel Menu-Driven User Interface:
Design and Evaluation through Simulation
RICKY E. SAVAGE AND JAMES K. HABINEK  165

8
Statistical Semantics: Analysis of the Potential
Performance of Keyword Information Systems
G. W. FURNAS, T. K. LANDAUER, L. M. GOMEZ, AND S. T. DUMAIS  187 

9
Facilitating Multiple-Cue Judgments with Integral
Information Displays
TIMOTHY E. GOLDSMITH AND ROGER W. SCHVANEVELDT  243

Author Index  271
Subject Index  274