Preface          vii

Overview: fuel for a new discipline          ix

Introduction: supporting the process of innovation          1

1 Direct Manipulation          13

1.1 Direct Manipulation: a step beyond programming languages          17

                Ben Shneiderman

1.2 A study of file manipulation by novices using commands vs. direct manipulation          39

                Sepeedeh Margono

                Ben Shneiderman 

1.3 Remote direct manipulation: a case study of a telemedicine workstation          51

                Richard Keil-Slawik

                Catherine Plaisant 

                Ben Shneiderman

2 Menu selection          63

2.1 Embedded menus: selecting items in context          67

                Larry Koved

                Ben Shneiderman

2.2 An empirical comparison of pie vs linear menus          79

                Jack Callahan

                Don Hopkins

                Mark Weiser

                Ben Shneiderman

2.3 Time stress effects on two menu selection systems          89

                Daniel F. Wallace

                Nancy S. Anderson

                Ben Shneiderman

3 Hypertext          99

3.1 Finding facts vs. browsing knowledge in hypertext systems          103

                Gary Marchionini

                Ben Shneiderman

3.2 Restructuring knowledge for an electronic encyclopaedia          123

                Charles B. Kreitzberg 

                Ben Shneiderman

3.3 The Electronic Teaching Theatre: interactive hypermedia & mental models of the classroom          133

                Kent L. Norman

4 Touchscreens          157

4.1 Improving the accuracy of touchscreens: an experimental evaluation of three strategies          161

                Richard L. Potter

                Linda J. Weldon

                Ben Shneiderman

4.2 High precision touchscreens: design strategies and comparisons with a mouse          171

                Andrew Sears

                Ben Shneiderman

4.3 Touchscreens now offer compelling uses          187

                Ben Shneiderman

4.4 Touchscreen interfaces for alphanumeric data entry          195

                Catherine Plaisant 

                Andrew Sears

4.5 Scheduling home control devices: a case study of the transition from

the research project to a product          205

                Catherine Plaisant

                Ben Shneiderman

                Jim Battaglia

5 Public access          219

5.1 Guide to Opportunities in Volunteer Archaeology: case study on the use of a hypertext system in a museum exhibit          223

                Catherine Plaisant

5.2 Evaluating three museum installations of a hypertext system          231

                Ben Shneiderman

                Dorothy Brethauer

                Catherine Plaisant

                Richard Potter

5.3 ACCESS at the Library of Congress          251

                Gary Marchionini

                Maryle Ashley

                Lois Korzendorfer

5.4 User interface consistency: an evaluation of original and revised interfaces for a videodisk library          259

                Richard Chimera

                Ben Shneiderman

6 Information visualizer: dynamic queries, treemaps, and the filter/flow metaphor          275

6.1 Dynamic Queries for information exploration: an implementation and exploration          281

                Christopher Ahlberg

                Christopher Williamson

                Ben Shneiderman

6.2 The Dynamic HomeFinder: evaluating Dynamic Queries in a real-estate

information exploration system          295

                Christopher Williamson

                Ben Shneiderman

6.3 Treemaps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures          309

                Brian Johnson

                Ben Shneiderman

7 Essays and exploration          327

 7.1 A nonanthropomorphic style guide: Overcoming the Humpty Dumpty syndrome          331

                Ben Shneiderman

7.2 Human values and the future of technology: a declaration of responsibility          337

                Ben Shneiderman

7.3 Engagement and construction: educational strategies for the post-TV era          345

                Ben Shneiderman

7.4 Protecting rights in user interface designs          351

                Ben Shneiderman

7.5 Declaration in Apple vs. Microsoft/Hewlett-Packard          355

                Ben Shneiderman

Appendix-HCIL publications          365

Appendix-videos          373

Name index          375

Subject index          381